Hiller Group - NEW IN TOWN?

NEW IN TOWN?

Hiller Group

Table Of Contents

Oh, the Places You’ll Go!

How Real Estate Agents Help Home Buyers

Owning vs. Renting

Buyers' Needs and Desires

Real Estate Horror Stories To Learn From 40

Searching for the Right Home

The Virtual Home Search

Buying a House: Negotiation Dos and Don'ts 62

What to Know About Home Inspections

10. What to Know About Home Inspections

11. Shopping for a Home Loan

12. Programs For Home Buyers

13. The Closing Process

14. Relocating Versus Moving - How to Deal

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What Are You Looking ou Looking For In Your Next Home? xt Home? Contact me for a FREE, No Obligation, Home-Buying Consultation to discuss your home-buying goals!

When you’re ready to buy your first home or purchase your next one, give me a call so we can go over everything you’re looking for in your dream home! We’ll discuss your anticipated budget and put together a list of needs and wants in your next home. We’ll talk about: • The home search process • Recommended Lenders • How much space you need • The ideal community and extra amenities you desire • Home designs and features you prefer • Location and proximity

• What different local neighborhoods offer • How to submit a successful, winning offer • The Under Contract process • And much more!

I take pride in my ability to understand and deliver what my buyers are looking for on a daily basis. When you're ready to move forward, I’ll connect you with a qualified lender who can get you pre-qualified to purchase your next home. I would love to be YOUR Realtor to help you reach your goals.

Hiller Group at eXp Realty

Testimonials for the Hiller Gr or the Hiller Group

"The Hiller Group is an exemplary team, they have excellent knowledge of the real estate industry & take time to walk you through and make the purchasing process as easy as possible. I really appreciated their help and guidance throughout the

process." -Ryan N.

"Mark Hiller, and the Hiller Group, where to start, they are an awesome team of professionals that made purchasing our dream home a reality. With only buying 1 house 28 years ago, we had no experience and lots of questions. They were there for us, at any time, always eager to answer all of our questions and explain the process to us. If ever I had the need for another realtor and needed to recommend one it would only be Mark Hiller and his group. Thank you all very much." -Frankie R. "Mark Hiller and his team were a pleasure to work with. If I had any problems, they were right on top of it. They helped me find the house I have always wanted. After the closing they also helped me with the move by allowing me to use their truck. I can say enough how happy I was with this team. Thank you for all that you did." -Andrew H. "The Mark Hiller group was genuinely the greatest. Every step of the way they are there. From the first call to the last late night text trying to figure out the free truck they offer, they answer. Couldn’t imagine not using them in this area. Mark has a fantastic team." -John W B.

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"You’re looking for a home, but to get that home you need an agent that’s kind, consultative, and highly experienced to negotiate on your behalf. You can stop looking now, just go with Hiller Group." -Josh P.

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CHAPTER 1 Oh, the Places You’ll Go! ou’ll Go!

So you’re planning to relocate — congratulations! Whether you’re moving solo or with your family, it’s an exciting time. Perhaps you’ve landed a new job, decided to move closer to loved ones or simply figured out your current city isn’t the right fit. In any of these cases, you are likely to feel a combination of many emotions, and anxiety over starting over in a new place is probably one of them. I hear you! Yes, relocating is a big job (especially with a spouse and kids), but with planning and resources, you can make it easier and even fun. You’ve already made the first step in picking up this book. Inside, you’ll find everything you need to know about relocation. Yes, I’m a real estate agent, but my job is not only to sell homes – it’s also to serve as a guide for people who are in the midst of a life change, offering support and knowledge to ease the process. Here’s a quick summary of the things you’re going to learn as you peruse the pages of this book. • Your New Home Search - If you don’t already know where you’re moving, the home search is the most important part of the process. This book will show you how to find one (even if you are searching virtually for a long-distance move), what qualities you should look for, how to spot a lemon, how to prioritize your needs and wants and more. • The Truth About Agents - You'll learn why having a Realtor makes your process easier, what agents can do for

you that you probably can’t do for yourself, what kinds of knowledge an agent can bring to the table and how we ultimately make your home search a lot easier! • Negotiation Dos and Don’ts – Do you know the foolproof secrets to getting the most house in the least amount of time for the least amount of money? In this book, I’ll show you how it works, and why you need a professional. • Inspections - Sure, you know you need a home inspection, but do you know how they work and what to be concerned about? You will after reading this book. • Home Loans - Buying a home is no small purchase. This book will teach you the basics of how loans work and programs for buyers that can help save you more money. • The Closing Process - Don’t be intimidated by the closing process. Be informed! In this book, you’ll discover pitfalls to avoid, must-haves for a smooth closing and more. Also, since everyone loves lists, I’ve included a comprehensive moving checklist right here to help you stay organized during the transition.

A MONTH BEFORE THE B RE THE BIG MOVE

Ask friends and relatives for referrals to moving companies and inquire about their services, procedures, and policies. Get at least three estimates from different companies so that you can compare their services and choose the one that best suits your needs and budget. Go through all your “stuff ” and identify the things that you’ll keep and those that you’ll dispose of. Remember, less is more. If you no longer use it, give it away or sell it. This will make packing easier and quicker for you.

Keep a file of all your moving documents, such as contracts, invoices, bills, etc. This file should be readily available when you need them. Inform your utility company of your moving date so they can disconnect services (i.e., water, electricity, cable, Internet) on the date after your move. Schedule an activation or transfer of these same services to your new address, so that you already have them in place once you move in.

THREE WEEKS BEFORE THE B RE THE BIG MOVE

Bring out the boxes and start packing the items you won’t be using in the coming weeks. Label the boxes with the room the items belong to. This will make unpacking systematic. Make a list of the items that go in each box. You could also take pictures so you’ll know where to find each item Decide on whether you’re going to hire a moving company to help you or if you decide to do it yourself. If hiring, now is a good time to finalize the details of your big move. Enlist the help of family and friends. Let them know when they can come and help you with packing, or with unpacking. Update all personal documents that include your address. Notify your employer, banks, and insurance companies of your change in address.

TWO WEEKS BEFORE THE B RE THE BIG MOVE

Clean up every room once you’ve packed all the items in it.

Disassemble furniture that you won’t be using in the following days and pack or prepare for moving. Set aside all items that you won’t be needing, and schedule for a pickup by the local Salvation Army or any organization you decide to donate them to. If you’re planning on a garage sale, now is the perfect time to do that.

File your leave from work for the days that you’ll be concentrating on the move.

Prepare a suitcase of things that you’ll need on the day of your big move, like towels, toiletries, and clean clothes, etc. Check the condition of your new place and make sure everything is ready for moving day. Clean up all the clutter, and check if the switches are working and whether electricity is already available. Throw away all unneeded and unusable items, especially flammable items, such as leftover paint, spray cans, or propane. Call up your relatives and friends who enlisted to help with the packing and moving and inform them of your schedule.

ONE WEEK BEFORE THE B RE THE BIG MOVE

If you’re hiring a moving company, make a call to confirm details, such as time of arrival and pickup. Draw up a timetable for moving day, including items like time to start loading boxes, where/when to stop for lunch, estimated time of arrival at the new place, etc. This will give you a sense of what to expect and prepare for on the day itself.

With the help of volunteer family and friends, finish packing all

your things, leaving behind only the essential items that you’ll be using every day. Make sure all your boxes are properly packed and numbered, color-coded by room, if possible. This will help you in the unpacking process.

Make sure there are labels on the tops and sides of the boxes.

Prepare a snack bag for moving day. Make sure to bring lots of water and high-energy food to sustain your strength while moving.

Have your checklists and pens ready with you in your bag.

Clean up your refrigerator, stove, and other kitchen appliances. Make sure most of the food in the fridge will be consumed by moving day. Make sure all your items for donation/giving away are picked up or delivered to their new owners. Check if all utilities are already working properly in your new home. Prepare several pieces of post-it notes with your new address and your contact numbers to be given to your movers, or to your entourage on moving day.

THE DAY OF THE BIG MOVE

Pack away your beddings and disassemble all the beds in your home.(Or do this a day or two prior, and sleep on an air mattress for your last night.) Have a last-minute meeting with your movers, if hiring one, and make sure they know how you want things to be done. Inform them of the box labels, where each box must go, and how

they should be loaded. Make sure all your items are loaded and nothing gets left behind. Distribute your post-it notes with your contact numbers and the new address to every driver in the moving group. Double-check every room in the house before leaving, making sure nothing is left.

Turn off all light switches, and lock all windows and doors.

Make sure you arrive at your new home before the movers/ entourage. Inspect your new home, making sure all utilities are in working condition. Clean up your new home while it’s still empty. Open windows and cabinet doors to let in fresh air. Direct your movers with unloading your boxes; show them where each box must go. Finally, unpack what you need for the rest of the day and set up your beds and beddings while you have help.

CHAPTER 2 How Real Estat eal Estate Agents e Agents Help Home Buyers

I’ll come right out at the start and tell you I’m a real estate agent — proudly so! Nice to meet you! I’m not trying to sell you anything, but I’m pleased to be of service. I’m giving you the benefits of experience and advice I have gleaned throughout my career selling houses and being in real estate transactions — for both sellers and buyers. If you want me to help you find a house, we can talk. Call me if you need me. Technology has changed the way homes are sought and bought today. In this “Information Era,” most buyers are first introduced to the home they eventually purchase via the internet, through Zillow, Trulia, Yahoo! Homes, Realtor.com, Redfin or one of hundreds of other real estate websites. So that means there’s no real need for a buyer’s real estate agent, right? The reason to use a real estate agent is to find a home and show homes available for sale, right? If a buyer can find and visit a home on the web all on their own, why involve another party?

WHY HOME BUYERS NEED A REAL ES UYERS NEED A REAL ESTATE AGENT

Ah, not so fast, friend. The reasons to use a real estate agent today are as valid as yesterday. The ease of online transactions and proliferation of services to assist buyers in handling their own real estate transactions came about recently, throughout the last decade. This has caused buyers to wonder if using a real 8

estate agent is no longer necessary or if it's an expense that can be avoided. While doing the work yourself can save you money if you buy a “For Sale By Owner” (FSBO) house and the seller agrees to reduce the price by 3% (half of what a listing agent would traditionally receive), for many, a do-it-yourself home purchase might be pricier than a real estate agent’s commission in the long run. On most home sales, there is a listing agent (the agent engaged by the seller to sell the property) and a selling agent (the agent who introduces the eventual buyer into the transaction). The selling agent is sometimes called the “buyer’s agent” because he or she is often working on a certain buyer’s behalf, and it’s easier than explaining that the selling agent is not the listing agent but really the buyer’s agent. There are some real estate agents that market themselves as “buyer’s agents,” “exclusive buyer’s agents,” or “buyer’s representatives.” These real estate agents have chosen to make a business of finding homes for prospective buyers and handling the negotiations and transactions attendant to the purchase. These agents want to accentuate the reasons a buyer shouldn’t go directly to the listing agent when they purchase real estate. A buyer who goes directly to the listing agent and allows that agent to “manage” both sides of the transaction is dealing with an agent who has conflicting responsibilities. Their job is to get a good price for the seller, and they might not zealously represent the interests of the buyer. Those who market themselves as buyer’s agents indicate they’re only working for the buyer in a real estate transaction. The buyer’s agent's commission was traditionally paid by the seller. They either were paid directly by the seller or the transaction was set up so that the seller provides a “credit” to the buyer for how much the real estate commission is — then

the buyer pays the commission. However, evolving regulations mean that buyers may now directly pay their agents, and the traditional practice of commission splits may evolve alongside other compensation structures. The intricacies of changing regulations are just one of the many reasons buyers can benefit from having an agent dedicated to their interests alone.

MORE ACCESS TO THE REAL ES O THE REAL ESTATE MARKE TE MARKET

A real estate agent will have better access to the market and a special knowledge of local conditions. The agent is a full-time liaison between sellers and buyers. An agent will have ready access to other properties listed by other agents. Buyers’ and sellers’ agents know how to put a real estate deal together. A real estate agent will track down homes that meet your criteria, contact sellers’ agents, and secure appointments for viewing the homes. On their own, buyers have a more difficult time with these things. This is even more so the case when a buyer is moving due to relocation or employment opportunity and does not engage a buyer’s agent to handle matters.

NEGOTIATING IS HARDER ON YOUR OWN

A real estate agent will keep the transaction “at arm’s length,” such that personalities and emotions do not become involved. Price negotiations take a special skill and understanding of the psychology of offering and counter-offering. Agents keep the transaction dispassionate and rational. For example, a buyer (you) might like a home but despise its wood- paneled walls, shag carpet, and lurid orange kitchen. When you work with an agent, you can express your opinions on the current owner’s decorating skills and complain about how much it will cost to upgrade the home without insulting the owner. Your

agent will translate that to the seller — that you very much like the property but can see having to spend a certain amount in decorating costs, and thus can offer that much less.

CONTRACTUALLY SPEAKING…

There are many contracts and documents involved in purchasing a house. The stack is more than an inch thick. Unless you’re a real estate lawyer or title agent, these documents will be foreign to you. Yet, they require detailed and accurate completions. Buying a property is not necessarily a “fill-in-the- blanks” transaction. One mistake, let’s say in title work, could haunt the buyer well down the line after purchase. This very situation happened. A property that sat on a double lot was put on the market. The neighbor bought it to carve off a bit of the second lot to expand his own yard. The seller then put the home back on the market, and it sold. Months later, through a property tax notification, it came out that, in preparing new deeds for the properties, the expanded yard area was correctly in the name of the neighbor; however, the house had been transferred to the home buyer. The new homeowner now owned both houses, and the neighbor owned his expanded driveway and yard. Fortunately, they were good neighbors and settled the matter with a few signatures. A real estate agent deals regularly with these contracts, conditions, and unexpected situations and is familiar with which conditions should be used, when they can safely be removed, and how to use the contract to protect you.

YOU WON'T NECESSARIL N'T NECESSARILY SAVE MONEY

The point of not using a real estate agent would be to save money, right? Otherwise, why would someone turn down professional assistance in finding a home? However, it’s unlikely that both the buyer and the seller will reap the benefits of not paying real estate agent commissions. It works like this: An owner selling on his own (FSBO) will price the house based on the sale prices of other comparable properties in the area. Many of these properties will be sold with the help of an agent; therefore, the seller profits in getting to keep the percentage of the home’s sale price that might otherwise be paid to the real estate agent (usually 6%). Buyers looking to purchase a home sold by owner without an agent may believe they can save money on the home by not having an agent involved, and so they look solely at FSBO houses. They might expect money to be saved and make an offer accordingly. Unless the buyer and seller agree to split the savings, they can’t both save that money — and that’s if the listing price was not already lowered amount to make it more market- attractive. Here’s a short list of the advantages that using a real estate agent can bring to your buying experience:

• Education and experience • Neighborhood knowledge • Price guidance • Market conditions information • Negotiation skills and confidentiality • The ability to handle paperwork • The ability to handle closing questions • Relationships for Future Business

It’s extremely important to know the “ins and outs” of real estate 12

agents before you bring one along with you to help in your search for a home, just so that you know what to expect, and what will be expected of you.

WHO A REAL ESTATE AGENT IS GENT IS

Simply put, a real estate agent is someone licensed to list and sell real estate, including homes, multi-family properties, commercial, and industrial buildings. A Realtor®, however, is somewhat different. A Realtor® is a member of the National Association of Realtors®. While an agent is always a real estate agent, a real estate agent isn’t always a Realtor®. As mentioned, real estate agents who work on behalf of the best interests of the buyer are commonly called buyer’s agents. All listing agents represent the seller, but other agents who don’t have buyer-agency agreements with prospective buyers — even though they may show homes to those buyers — are working on behalf of the seller and must obtain the best price they can for the seller. In contrast, buyer’s agents traditionally work on commission, as outlined in the listing agreement. However, evolving regulations now allow for more varied compensation structures. When a buyer's agent represents a buyer, the commission structure may involve a split with the listing agent, direct payment from the buyer, or other negotiated arrangements.

HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST AGENT FOR YOUR NEEDS UR NEEDS

You might feel the urge to pick the first real estate agent who appeals to or approaches you, but that’s something to avoid. As with any professional, there are degrees of professionalism, dedication, and experience. The “wow factor” will simply wear off.

Meet with prospective buyer's agents in their offices. A good buyer’s agent will want to know whether you’re preapproved for a loan by a financer, what kind, and the terms of the loan you’re getting. They should spend adequate time to discover what you’re looking for in a house. They should listen as much as talk and ask questions. Watch to see if the agent makes notes. If the agent doesn’t broach the topic, ask for an explanation of his understanding of agency relationships and obligations to you. The law requires agents to explain whether they’ll be working for the buyer or the seller whenever they have substantive contact with a customer or prospective client. If the agent doesn’t offer you a buyer’s agency agreement, that agent is representing the seller, not you. If the agent can’t explain agency concepts to you, then move to the next agent. Be sure that the agent will be showing you all listings or properties on the market that meet your requirements, and not only listings that are handled in-house. Buyer’s agents have the legal duty to put the buyer’s needs ahead of their own. Even when an agent will be paid more for selling an in-house listing, they must inform you about other available, suitable listings and take you to see viable prospects. A good buyer’s agent will provide a home-buying education. The listing agent will point out all the features of a home; a good buyer’s agent will point to the faults — or advise when they can be overlooked. Competent buyer’s agents help their buyers to think clearly as the home-buying process unfolds. For example, if a house is a good buy, a buyer’s agent might suggest looking past the dated bathroom and kitchen and look at the space above the garage that will make the perfect art studio you desire. Likewise, a cute house with all the amenities but with knob-and-tube wiring or a

40-year-old roof might not be worth the asking price. According to the San Francisco Chronicle’s Home Guide, if you decide to buy with the intention of building an addition, the agent should advise you to check the zoning before making an offer. Agree to sign a buyer’s agency agreement after you have met with an agent, and discuss the terms for payment, whether that's a negotiated commission structure or a direct payment from buyer to the buyer's agent. Some people sign an agency agreement after attending a showing given by the agent. Working with a seller’s agent is a mistake, according to an article by Amy Fontinelle of Forbes’ Investopedia. Any information you reveal will become leverage that the seller can use in a purchase negotiation. A buyer’s agent is legally required to maintain your confidentiality, disclose material facts to you, including the potential for direct compensation, and maintain loyalty to you.

LOOK FOR PROPER CREDENTIALS

You wouldn’t trust a doctor who didn't have the proper credentials and licensing. Don’t trust a real estate agent who doesn’t present theirs or doesn’t have them at all. It’s easy to find real estate agents who can take the job, but finding agents with special credentials — those who have gone that extra step to take additional classes in certain specialties of real estate sales — is worth looking into. Here are just a few credentials within real estate that you should be on the lookout for: • Accredited Buyer’s Representative (ABR): Completed additional education during representation of buyers in their transactions. • Certified Residential Specialist (CRS): t (CRS):Completed additional training during the handling of residential real

estate, such as houses and apartments. • Seniors Real Estate Specialist (SRES): RES):Completed training for the purpose of helping sellers and buyers 50+ years old. Similarly, if you choose to use a real estate agent who’s also a member of the National Association of Realtors®, it will be a bonus. However, ensure they have credentials that are relevant to your need(s).

RESEARCH LICENSING

Your state will have a license board for all active Realtors® and agents, which you can easily access. You will also be able to see their contact information, disciplinary actions, complaints, or any other information that you’ll need to help influence your decision — especially since most of the information is now posted online.

GIVE THE “WHAT ELSE” TEST

A good agent will know about all the other properties for sale in the area. Also, a good agent always does their research regarding the events in the current market, and those homes that are out there for the taking. In short, you want an agent who’s an expert of the current market, and someone who always stays on top of things.

RESEARCH THEIR BUSINESS ACTIVITY

Learning the type of market presence that a real estate agent has is the best way to figure them out. Ideally, you’re going to want an agent who specializes in one or two real estate markets, and who understands which types of homes and amenities are available within your price range. You can unearth this information by

asking them or by asking the state licensing authority if you’re not comfortable with asking the agent directly. You’re better off with an agent who’s engaged actively in one area and price range — e.g., residential homes around the $200,000 to $250,000 range or the $400,000 and up range.

GOING THE BUYER'S AGENT ROUTE

So, you’re ready to take the plunge and look for a place to call “home.” To get the most out of it, use a buyer’s agent to avoid a flurry of paperwork, stampedes of buyers competing for the same property, and other challenges. Home buying can be exciting and exhilarating, but it can also be complex and stressful — which is why having a pro by your side can make an enormous difference. As discussed, you’ve probably heard of buyer’s agents, seller’s agents, listing agents, and so on. You’re a buyer, so what’s a buyer’s agent? True to the name, buyer’s agents assist home buyers every step of the way; they can also save you both time and money on the road to homeownership. When you find the right one for you, these real estate agents will work day and night to ensure all your needs and requirements are met when it comes to finding the right home.

WHAT BUYER'S AGENTS DO FOR YOU

Your buyer’s agent will have a vast knowledge of the current real estate market for the area, which will include neighborhood amenities and conditions, the law, zoning issues, price trends, negotiations, taxes, financing, and insurance. Once you meet with the buyer’s agent, they’ll generally help you determine your needs and wants when it comes to finding a home and a neighborhood. The agent will teach you what you can afford, help you set a budget, provide some insight on the

current conditions of the market, and explain what you should expect while shopping for a home. During the shopping period, you’ll meet with your agent for tours of homes in which you might be interested. They will give your insight into the floor plans, the home’s pertinent selling points, and the overall crime rate of that neighborhood. They will also give you the rundown for local activities, restaurants, shopping centers, and schools nearby. Your agent is responsible for ensuring inspections of the homes are complete, as well as the disclosures therein. They’re also in charge of ensuring coordination and completion is done through the roof inspector, attorneys, lenders, and all other professionals involved with the purchase of the home. If bargains need to be made over the price, you won’t have to negotiate yourself. Your buyer’s agent will do that for you, along with signing the final closing documents. They will be present whenever there are documents to go through and sign.

DUAL AGENCY: THE BASICS

A “dual agency” relationship occurs when a buyer is being represented by a brokerage firm that controls the listing. Once an agent represents both the seller and the buyer within the same transaction, the situation is known as “dual agency.” In multiple states, this is illegal because of the conflicts of interest that can arise regarding the broker. All agents hold the same responsibility, which is to inform their clients of all potential risks that could arise due to conflicts of interest. Legally, agents are not allowed to work on both sides of any transaction without consent from the clients.

If you’re selling your home and you don’t want your agent to also work with the buyer of your home, it’s your right to say so in the listing agreement. This is also true for buyers. A buyer can get out of an agreement with an agent if they are interested in purchasing a home their agent is listing. When it comes to dual agency, there are definite advantages for the seller. • Trust has already been gained with your listing agent, so representation for the buyer has been established. • Your agent brought you the buyer knowing that you’re selling, even if your property has not yet hit the market. • Your listing agent will have already covered and researched your neighborhood’s market to gain buyer inquiries, which means your agent will be working from all sides of the deal to sell your house faster, and with more incentive. • Your agent works together with corporate relocation buyers who need to find a house quickly, and they will ensure it’s your house that’s bought. There are also cons for the seller when it comes to dual agency, and they are: • You can’t be advised by your agent as thoroughly when they must act as a dual agent because impartial facilitation is required. • Your listing agent is not allowed to negotiate the best or highest price for you if also negotiating both the best and lowest terms for the buyer.

• Earning a full commission, if the opportunity arises, may tempt the agent to coerce a deal that you might not accept otherwise. • Your agent may inhibit all access to your listing through buyers with agents. To avoid surprises or missteps in a dual agency sale, always ensure you have clarified important details with your agent ahead of time. You can do this by using an exclusive buyer agency agreement, or a listing agreement.

HOW REAL ESTATE AGENTS ARE PAID

The National Association of Realtors® 2022 Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers states approximately 10% of homeowners opted to put their homes up for sale in 2022 without using a real estate agent or Realtor®. A handful of For Sale By Owner (FSBO) transactions dealt with sellers and buyers who previously knew each other or were directly related; 87% of buyers chose to work with a real estate agent or Realtor®, on the buyer’s side. Real estate agents and Realtors® traditionally have been compensated through a commission at the end of each sale, unlike professionals in other fields who may bill by hourly rates or earn a salary. However, recent changes in industry regulations may introduce more varied compensation structures, including direct payment options for buyers.

For example, if an agent has worked with a seller or a buyer for months, they don’t get paid for the time spent if there is no transaction during that period.

Agents receive a commission once the transaction goes through to settlement (closes) based on the selling price of the home. At that point, the commission is earned. The commission itself is negotiated — in most cases, between the seller and the agent. Typically, an agent will earn a commission of 6% from the sale price, but some brokerages have commission discounts for the sellers with whom they work. Historically, the listing agent and the buyer’s agent would split the commission, but this practice may evolve due to recent regulatory changes. Issues can arise. For example, sometimes the split might not be negotiated evenly. A seller could have agreed to pay a commission of 5.5% that, if further divided, the buyer’s agent would receive 2.5% while the listing agent receives 3% of the commission. Even though some agents are associate brokers, or brokers in general, all commission payments have traditionally gone through to the broker who’s managing the brokerage where the agent is working. From there, the commission is then split to the agent and the broker, according to the agreement that’s been made. The split will vary; sometimes, newer agents will earn a small portion of the commission compared to the experienced or successful agents who generally sell more expensive properties or homes.

PAYING THE COMMISSION ITSELF

As of now, it's standard for the seller to pay the commission at the settlement from the sale proceeds of the property. This commission is typically a percentage of the sale price, agreed upon in advance between the seller and their agent. The commission is then distributed between the listing agent's brokerage and the buyer's agent's brokerage. This split is predetermined and is part of the contractual agreement between

the seller and their agent. After the brokerage receives its portion, it then pays the individual agents according to their internal agreements. It's important for both buyers and sellers to understand that while this is the current standard practice, the real estate industry is dynamic, and practices can vary. In some cases, different arrangements might be made for commission payments, especially in light of evolving industry regulations and market conditions. As a buyer or seller, it's advisable to discuss commission structures with your agent to fully understand how they will apply to your specific transaction.

CHAPTER 3 Owning vs. Renting

Owning your own home might be one of the defining qualities of the “American Dream:” the set of ideals that includes opportunity for prosperity and success and an upward social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work. Home ownership is surely ingrained as one of the strongest representations of that vision — 66% of Americans own their own home, and more hope they will or wish they did. Something about home ownership plucks a strong chord with Americans. Financial security, permanency, status, and pride are values many of us seek.. Lifestyle plays a big role in the decision to own versus rent. Home buying is most often driven by household formation, such as marriage and growing a family. Less than 40% of people under 35 years old own homes, 60% of people over 35 years old own homes, and more than 80% of people 65 years old or over own homes. Interestingly, for the millennial generation, the primary reason for buying a home? Owning a dog. The U.S. homeownership rate has fluctuated between 62% and 70% since the 1950s. Most young people begin their independent lives renting an apartment, maximizing lifestyle flexibility and minimizing the hefty upfront costs associated with purchasing a home. As they build careers, save money, and start families, many choose to buy a home, recognizing that home ownership, as opposed to rental living, is more appropriate to their growing family needs. At the other end of the age spectrum are homeowners nearing 24

retirement who may desire to sell their homes, downsize, avoid the maintenance and other obligations, and go back to renting.

WHICH IS BEST?

Is it better to rent or buy a home? Most adults ask themselves this at some point as they form their goals and plan for the years ahead. Before you answer the question, here are some things to ask yourself. Owning and renting each have their advantages, but what’s best for you depends on your circumstances. What will be the duration of your stay in the home? Each market is different, but whether the time you plan to spend in the house warrants its purchase is possible to predict. In general terms, it takes four to seven years to break even on a home (i.e., where there has been enough appreciation to pay back the cost of the transaction and cost of ownership). If you’re thinking about buying a home and selling it in two years, buying is very unlikely to be cheaper than renting. Do you think of or need your house as an investment in your retirement plan? Many Americans see their homes as a valuable asset, often integral to their retirement strategy. Real estate is commonly regarded as a solid long-term investment, frequently favored over other options like stocks, gold, or savings accounts. Its appeal lies in the potential for value appreciation over time. However, it's wise to remember that the real estate market is subject to fluctuations. Property values can both increase and decrease, influenced by various market and economic factors. This reality highlights the importance of considering real estate as one component of a diversified investment portfolio, recognizing both its potential benefits and inherent risks. Are you financially ready? Owning a home is a financial commitment that requires planning how home ownership fits into where your life is headed. Ask yourself what your budget

is and if either buying or renting would require you to stretch your finances. Crunch all the numbers. A frequent mistake of first-time home buyers is comparing a month’s rent to a month’s mortgage payment. Many people don’t have all the numbers. There are many additional fees necessary to include to make a fair comparison: principal interest, property taxes, property insurance, homeowners’ association (HOA) fees, and ongoing maintenance. Are you prepared for the down payment? This is the lump sum payment that funds your equity in the property (how much of the property you actually own). Down payments vary; 20% is preferred and gets the best rates. There are some loans that allow down payments as low as 3%. Sometimes relatives help with the down payment. If you have a choice, take a gift rather than a loan because lenders will add the loan debt to other monthly obligations and potential mortgage payments to determine your debt-to-income ratio, which generally can’t top 43% to qualify for a home loan. Can you afford the monthly mortgage and its components? Generally, a mortgage includes loan principal and interest (both amortized over the life of the loan) plus homeowner’s insurance and property taxes (prorated). These items can affect the monthly loan-only payment by several hundred dollars. Are you emotionally ready? Can you handle the stress? A big factor to consider when buying a home is stress. The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, a landmark stress study, ranks many events that go along with buying a home in the top 43 most stressful circumstances in life. Four events are specifically home-related: change in financial state (No. 16), large mortgage or loan (No. 20), change in living conditions (No. 28), and change in residence (No. 32). If someone has recently made other life changes, such as marriage (No. 7), switching careers (No. 18), or having a child (No. 14), it might be wise to postpone buying a home. Stress

overload can lead to missed payments, which can result in destroyed credit or even losing the home. It’s better to rent if your life is in flux and then buy when your stress levels are lower. Are you ready for commitment? Are you ready to make lots of decisions, from picking a real estate agent to picking paint colors? Are you confident enough to choose a neighborhood where you believe home values will continue to appreciate and that will serve your needs (i.e., proximity to schools, shopping, recreation, etc.)? Are you ready for devoting the time and attention to maintaining a home (i.e., leaf-raking, grass-cutting, appliance maintenance and repair, etc.)? Taking care of your biggest investment can be gratifying, but only if you’re ready.

ADVANTAGES OF BUYING YOUR HOME

Control over housing expenses. By selecting a fixed-rate 15-, 20-, 25-, or 30-year mortgage, the homeowner has assurance that housing costs won’t increase over the period, and, in fact, will be eliminated at the end of the term (subject to refinancing). You build equity. Some of each monthly mortgage payment goes toward the loan’s interest. Other portions may go to homeowner’s insurance and county taxes. The remainder pays down the loan principal. Every dollar put toward your loan’s principal represents a dollar of equity — actual ownership of the property. Further, the property should appreciate in value each year, further adding to equity (what the house could be sold for versus what is owed on it). Discounting certain blip periods, such as the 2006 housing bubble burst, home prices in the U.S. appreciate nationally at an average annual rate between 3% and 5%. Remember, though, home value appreciation in different metro areas can appreciate at markedly different rates than the national average.

Improvements increase your home’s value. A homeowner can

also increase a home’s value through home improvements, thus both making your home more comfortable and enjoyable while growing its loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. For instance, adding a bathroom or finishing a basement substantially increases the property’s functionality and appeal, while potentially boosting its value. Tax advantages of home ownership. There are significant tax benefits associated with buying a house, both at the time of purchase and for the duration of time you own the home: • Homestead exemption. Many states exempt owner- occupied homes (homesteads) from a portion of the property tax amount that would normally accrue. For instance, Louisiana exempts the first $75,000 of a home’s value from property tax assessments, so a $200,000 home in New Orleans is taxed as if it were worth $125,000. • Federal tax deductions. When you’re looking to purchase a home, it’s important to understand what can be deducted on your tax return and what can’t. Property taxes and interest paid on your mortgage can be deducted if you itemize your federal income taxes, which can reduce your income tax burden. Many home buyers, unfortunately, overlook the effect of mortgage interest on their federal income tax payments. Mortgage interest can be a powerful financial planning tool. Calculate the amount of mortgage interest deductions you are eligible for, and include that in your annual financial planning. Then, make a point of checking Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 1098, which you’ll receive from your lender at the end of the year. This form shows the amount of mortgage interest that you’ve paid. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) applies from 2018 to 2025 and limits the 28

aggregate deduction for state and local real estate property taxes; state and local personal property taxes; state, local, and foreign income, war profits, and excess profits taxes; and general sales taxes (if elected) for any tax year, up to $10,000 ($5,000 for marrieds filing separately). This limit does not apply if those taxes are paid or accrued in carrying on a trade or business, or in an activity engaged in for the production of income. In other words, if you are just living in your home, you can only claim up to $10,000 in tax deductions on your property, but if you are earning income directly from your home in some way, the limit might be waived. Comparatively lower lending rates on mortgages. Mortgage rates, though subject to fluctuation, often remain more favorable compared to other types of loans. Even in periods of higher rates, mortgages typically offer more competitive interest rates than personal loans or credit cards. This aspect of home financing can make homeownership a financially advantageous decision, providing a more affordable route to building equity than other borrowing options. Ownership rights and creative freedom. Your decorating and home-improvement choices are just that — yours, provided they don’t break building codes or violate homeowners’ association rules. You can paint walls any which way, add fixtures, update or finish your basement, or build a patio or deck. Changing your environment to suit whims is a freeing aspect of homeownership. A sense of belonging to the community. Homeowners tend to stay in homes for longer than renters and are more likely to grow roots. They might join a neighborhood association, volunteer at a nearby community center, join a school group, or align with a business improvement district. Renters might not do any of those

things, particularly if they know their lease is up in a year and they might move. There’s an intangible pleasant feeling attached to owning your own house — a sense of freedom and independence. The home you live in belongs to you , and you can do what you want with it. You aren’t daunted about increases in rent or losing the lease. You’re free to make improvements and changes. Also, owning your home gives your children the guarantee of attending the schools in the area on a more permanent basis; you never need to worry about a notice from the landlord to vacate your rented house or apartment for a variety of reasons over which you have no control.

ADVANTAGES OF RENTING

It seems a shorter list, but one man’s pro is another man’s con, and there certainly are advantages to renting to factor into your buy- or-rent decision. No responsibility for maintenance. Admittedly, this is a big one. As a renter, you’re not responsible for home maintenance or repair costs. If a toilet backs up, a pipe bursts, or an appliance stops working, you don’t have to call an expensive repair person — you just call your landlord or superintendent. Renters in condos, townhouses, or apartments also don’t have lawn and grounds care obligations. Relocating is easier. When renting, relocating for work is easier. Though a sudden move may require you to break your lease, you can partially offset the cost by subletting your apartment or talking with your landlord. On the other hand, selling a home takes time and effort. If you have a short timeline to sell your home, you may be forced to accept a lower price and lose some of your investment. No real estate market exposure. Home values fluctuate and can decline over time. If you’re a renter, that’s not your problem. If

you’re an owner trying to sell — it is.

DISADVANTAGES OF OWNING

Maintenance. The renter’s largest advantage might just be the homeowner’s major disadvantage. While insurance might be available to protect against expense from major catastrophe, usual maintenance items are on the homeowners’ dime. Maintenance and repair can be as simple as repainting the baseboards and can also be as extensive and expensive as replacing a HVAC system or sewer pipe. The expense will vary from year-to-year; however, you can expect to pay about 1% of the value of your home annually toward these expenses. If you live in a $200,000 home for 10 years, that’s $20,000 over the period, and perhaps more if you must replace a costly, long- lived mechanical item, such as a furnace. Keep in mind the usual homeowner’s chores of lawn care, snow removal, gutter cleaning, and other regular home maintenance needs. Upfront and closing costs. Buying a home entails numerous upfront costs. Some are paid out-of-pocket after the seller accepts your purchase offer, while others are paid at closing. These include earnest money, down payment (typically ranging from 3.5% for FHA [Federal Housing Administration] loans to more than 20% of the purchase price), home appraisal, home inspection, property taxes, and first year’s homeowner’s insurance Loss of relocation flexibility. It’s much easier to break a lease and move out of town than to arrange for the sale of a residence. Selling the home from out of town involves special logistics and financial matters, such dealing with the mortgage while the home is on the market. Financial loss potential. Homeownership builds equity over time; however, equity doesn’t equate to profit. If home values in your

area go down or remain stagnant during your time as a homeowner, the appraised value of your home could decrease, putting you at risk of a financial loss when you sell.

DISADVANTAGES OF RENTING

No equity building. The monthly rent you pay goes to the landlord. It represents the fee you pay for using the property. You gain no ownership in the property, no matter how long you live there. No tax benefits. While homeowners can deduct property taxes and mortgage interest on their tax returns, renters aren’t eligible for housing-related federal tax credits or deductions. Home improvements go to the landlord. Any structural and decorative home improvements that renters make belong to the building owner and will have to stay behind when you move to a different place. Additionally, approval for desired major redecoration will be necessary. After all is said and done, the decision to buy or rent depends on the prospective home buyer’s circumstances. There’s no denying, though, that a home of your own is a good financial and a great emotional investment. An investment in a home can also mean an investment in your future. There is much to consider when you want to buy a home. Switching from renting to homeownership is highly challenging, but an exciting and amazing decision to make.

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